Exploitation
These are interactions in which one organism is able to survive by harming another. This lead to a positive impact to one species and a negative impact on another.
One example of an exploitation interaction is the relationship between English Ivy and trees, in this case Alder trees. English Ivy is able to grow high up into trees to try and attain more sun light. To do this the ivy attaches itself to the tree by growing anchors into the tree's bark. The exploitation of this relationship come from the fact that there are adverse affects for the tree when the ivy uses them to get the sun. It competes for the same nutrients and water as the tree while using it as a way to get sun. The ivy also cause excess moister to build up on the tree which can cause the tree to rot. Due to the competition from an organism that grow on it and the possible rot from moisture the tree can start to lose some of its lower branches. This can cause the tree to become top heavy which can lead to the tree falling.
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/english-ivy-circling-tree-kill-tree-69358.html
Another example of exploitation is a predator eating prey or even a herbivore eating a plant. This could be a coyote eating a rabbit. The coyote kills the rabbit and gets a meal our of the interaction. Nothing is gained for the rabbit in this relationship.
http://naturalunseenhazards.wordpress.com/2011/02/10/coyote-reports-from-connecticut-north-carolina-north-dakota-and-west-virginia-rabies-reports-from-georgia-new-jersey-and-north-carolina-and-a-travel-warning-for-saudi-arabia/
Mutualism
These are interactions in which both organisms benefit from the relationship. This leads to positive impacts on both species.
One example of mutualism is the relationship between bees and flowing plants. Plants need a way to spread their pollen to other plant and bees need food. To make both parties happy, flowing plants developed nectar to draw bees to there flowers. Bees fly to a plants flower to get the nectar they use for food. While getting the nectar, bees also pic up the flower's pollen on their body. When the bee fly to other flower it brings along the pollen from the last flower and helps in the plants reproduction. In this relationship the bee gets food and the flower gets another organism to spread its pollen.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg
Another example of mutualism is the relationship between plant and Mycorrhizae(a kind of fungi). This fungi grows underground next to tree roots. The fungi sends out tendrils that help it absorb large amounts of water as well as many important nutrients in the soil. The fungi gives the tree these resources and the tree gives the fungi some of the products of photosynthesis. In this relationship the fungi get an energy source and the tree gets vital nutrients it would otherwise be unable to attain.
http://www.mrcashop.org/mushroom_shop/mycorrhizae-c-46.htmlhttp://website.nbm-mnb.ca/mycologywebpages/NaturalHistoryOfFungi/Mycorrhizae.html
Competition
These are interactions in which organisms compete for the same resources. This leads to negative impacts to both species.
One example of competition is the relationship between Garter snakes and insectivorous birds. Both of these groups are predatory in nature, and both eat insects. Because both animals eat from the same food source they must compete for that finite resource.
http://www.bellasavvy.net/archives/24707